Researchers are exploring innovative ways to keep electric vehicle (EV) batteries cooler, safer, and more efficient. A recent review highlights the potential of hybrid battery thermal management systems (BTMS) that combine advanced materials and smart cooling methods to extend battery life while supporting cleaner transportation.
Batteries naturally heat up when in use, and without proper cooling, their performance and safety can be compromised. Traditional systems use active cooling (like air-forced convection) or passive cooling (like phase change materials, PCM). While PCM is popular for its simplicity and energy efficiency, it faces challenges such as leakage and limited heat transfer.
To overcome these issues, scientists are enhancing PCM by adding nano-scale aluminum nitride (AlN) and expanded graphite (EG). These fillers boost heat conductivity and stability without causing unwanted chemical reactions. The study shows that combining EG and nano-AlN in PCM results in stronger and more reliable composites, making them ideal for managing EV battery heat.
The research also suggests that the best results come from hybrid systems—using PCM composites alongside heat pipes or even combining passive and active methods. This mix allows batteries to stay within safe temperature ranges, improving both efficiency and durability.
Looking ahead, further studies will focus on the optimal composition of these nano-composites and how to better mix nanoparticles into PCM without clumping. This could lead to even more effective cooling systems that support the growing demand for sustainable electric mobility.
This work aligns with two United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
- SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy – by improving battery systems that power EVs.
- SDG 13: Climate Action – by supporting the global shift to cleaner transportation and reducing carbon emissions.
With smarter cooling technologies, EVs can go further, last longer, and play a stronger role in building a sustainable future.
Source: https://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-105001922179&origin=resultslist
